IP - Internet Protocol
The basic protocol that instructs us on how almost all communication across internet networks must be implemented.
Messages over IP are often communicated in "packets",
which are small bundles of information (2^16 bytes).
Each packet has an essential structure made up of two components: the Header and the Data.
Header
Contains "meta" data about the packet and its data.
his metadata includes information such as
the IP address of the source (where the packet comes from)
the destination IP address (destination of the packet).
an IP Address
layer 3 property
Has Network and Host portion
is a numeric label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication
There are public and private IP addresses,
there are currently two versions.
IPv6 and is increasingly being adopted because IPv4 (4 bytes = 32 bits) is running out out numerical addresses.
other protocols are built on top of IP,
like frameworks built on languages
Network vs Host
a.b.c.d/x
a,b,c,d are integers
x = defines the network, and the rest as host
Example: 192.168.254.0/24
the first 24 bits (3 bytes) are network
Max number of networks 2^24 and 2^8 hosts
the rest 8 bits are for host
subnet
subnet has a mask ie 255.255.255.0
used to determin if IP is in same subnet
Default Gateway
Most networks consist of hosts and a default gateway
when host A want to talk to B directly if both are inthe same subnet, thus use mac address
OW A sends it to someone who might know the gateway
Has an IP add and each host should konw it's gateway
https://youtu.be/o5S0-_vniiM The Beauty of the Internet Protocol hassan nasser
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